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Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [ 7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [ 9] In the developed countries, most deliveries occur in hospitals, [ 10 ...
Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome, and stillbirths. [2] After the 42nd week of gestation, the placenta, which supplies the baby with nutrients and oxygen from the mother, starts aging and will eventually fail. Postterm pregnancy is a reason to induce labor. [3]
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. [ 1] Extreme preterm [ 2] is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is ...
Prolonged labor. Prolonged labor is the inability of a woman to proceed with childbirth upon going into labor. [ 1] Prolonged labor typically lasts over 20 hours for first time mothers, and over 14 hours for women that have already had children. [ 1] Failure to progress can take place during two different phases; the latent phase and active ...
Frequency. ~ 1% of vaginal births [ 2] Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. [ 3][ 1] Signs include retraction of the baby's head back into the vagina, known as "turtle sign". [ 1] Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or ...
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [ 2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [ 1] It increases the risk of the mother getting an infection, having uterine ...
Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
Fetal distress, also known as non-reassuring fetal status, is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows signs of inadequate oxygenation. [ 1] Due to its imprecision, the term "fetal distress" has fallen out of use in American obstetrics. [ 2][ 1][ 3] The term "non-reassuring fetal status" has largely replaced it. [ 4]