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Huffman tree generated from the exact frequencies of the text "this is an example of a huffman tree". Encoding the sentence with this code requires 135 (or 147) bits, as opposed to 288 (or 180) bits if 36 characters of 8 (or 5) bits were used (This assumes that the code tree structure is known to the decoder and thus does not need to be counted as part of the transmitted information).
Mojibake (Japanese: 文字化け; IPA: [mod͡ʑibake], "character transformation") is the garbled or gibberish text that is the result of text being decoded using an unintended character encoding. [ 1 ] The result is a systematic replacement of symbols with completely unrelated ones, do not from a different writing system.
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.
Vigenère cipher. The Vigenère cipher is named after Blaise de Vigenère (pictured), although Giovan Battista Bellaso had invented it before Vigenère described his autokey cipher. The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different ...
Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI. Introduced in 2019, [1][2] T5 models are trained on a massive dataset of text and code using a text-to-text framework. The T5 models are capable of performing the text-based tasks that they were pretrained for.
Base64. In computer programming, Base64 is a group of binary-to-text encoding schemes that transforms binary data into a sequence of printable characters, limited to a set of 64 unique characters. More specifically, the source binary data is taken 6 bits at a time, then this group of 6 bits is mapped to one of 64 unique characters.
ROT13. ROT13 (Rotate13, " rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome. Because there are 26 letters (2×13) in the basic Latin alphabet, ROT13 ...
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. [1] The numerical values that make up a character encoding are known as "code points" and collectively comprise a "code space", a ...