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The kongsi republics ( Chinese: 公司共和國 ), also known as kongsi democracies ( Chinese: 公司民主國) or kongsi federations ( Chinese: 公司聯邦 ), were self-governing political entities in Borneo that formed as federations of Chinese mining communities known as kongsis. By the mid-nineteenth century, the kongsi republics ...
The Lanfang Republic ( Chinese: 蘭芳共和國; pinyin: Lánfāng Gònghéguó, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet ), also known as Lanfang Company ( Chinese: 蘭芳公司; pinyin: Lánfāng gōngsī ), was a kongsi federation in Western Borneo in the territory of Sultanate of Sambas. It was established by a Hakka Chinese named Low Lan ...
The region never unified into one kongsi federation, and rather was a conglomeration of small kongsi organizations that mainly pledged to two zongting (assembly halls): the Heshun Confederation and Lanfang Republic in Montrado and Mandor, respectively. The following is a list of all mentioned kongsis and general Chinese organizations that we ...
The Santiaogou Republic (Chinese: 三條溝公司, Hakka/Dutch: Sam-Thiao-Keoe; "Three gullies"), sometimes spelled as Santiago Republic in some sources, later renamed as the Sanda futing (Chinese: 三達副廳; "Deputy Hall of Three Reaches"), and lastly as the Hexian zhengting (Chinese: 和現正廳; "Legitimate Parliament of the Harmonies Present"), was a powerful Chinese kongsi federation ...
Kongsi ( Chinese: 公司; pinyin: gōngsī; Wade–Giles: kung-ssu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-si) is a Hokkien transcription term meaning "company", especially businesses which have been incorporated. However, the word has other meanings under different historical contexts. [ 1][ 2] Kongsi were most commonly known as Chinese social organizations or ...
The Kengwei Republic ( Chinese: 坑尾公司, Hakka / Dutch: Hang-Moei; "End of the pit company") was an autonomous Chinese kongsi federation associated with Monterado [ id] ( Chinese: 打勞鹿, Hakka: Montradok) kecamatan in Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan, Borneo but operates mainly in territories west of Montrado. It joined the Heshun ...
The Mandor rebellion ( Chinese: 工頭叛亂) in 1884 and 1885, also called the Third Kongsi War, was an uprising of ethnic Chinese, helped by the Dayaks, against the Dutch East Indies government. [ 1] This was the Dutch view of events - i.e. as an area already under Dutch rule, where that rule was threatened by an uprising.
Pages in category "Kongsi republic". The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes . Kongsi republic.