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Kongsi ( Chinese: 公司; pinyin: gōngsī; Wade–Giles: kung-ssu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-si) is a Hokkien transcription term meaning "company", especially businesses which have been incorporated. However, the word has other meanings under different historical contexts. [ 1][ 2] Kongsi were most commonly known as Chinese social organizations or ...
The kongsi republics ( Chinese: 公司共和國 ), also known as kongsi democracies ( Chinese: 公司民主國) or kongsi federations ( Chinese: 公司聯邦 ), were self-governing political entities in Borneo that formed as federations of Chinese mining communities known as kongsis. By the mid-nineteenth century, the kongsi republics ...
The Lanfang Republic ( Chinese: 蘭芳共和國; pinyin: Lánfāng Gònghéguó, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet ), also known as Lanfang Company ( Chinese: 蘭芳公司; pinyin: Lánfāng gōngsī ), was a kongsi federation in Western Borneo in the territory of Sultanate of Sambas. It was established by a Hakka Chinese named Low Lan ...
Four were documented: [1] Shanxin Jinhu 山心金湖 (Shanxin gold-lake) Jusheng kongsi 聚勝公司 (Jusheng kongsi) Sida Jiawei 四大家围 (Four Great Families) Lanheying 兰和营 (Lanhe guild) *Note that "clan-based organizations" was a very general term, as there appeared to be many names for these fraternities, including the ...
The Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi ( simplified Chinese: 邱公司) ( Penang Hokkien: Khu-kong-si) or " Khoo Kongsi " for short, is the largest Hokkien clanhouse in Malaysia with elaborate and highly ornamented architecture, a mark of the dominant presence of the Chinese in Penang, Malaysia. The famous Khoo Kongsi is the grandest clan temple in the ...
The Ngee Ann Kongsi was founded in 1845 by Seah Eu Chin to look after the religious and humanitarian needs of Teochew immigrants in Singapore. It was set up within Yueh Hai Ching Temple, a national monument of Singapore. Now a non-profit organisation, Ngee Ann Kongsi contributes to Singaporean society through educational and other charitable ...
Kongsi ( English: Share) is a 2011 Malaysian Malay-language action comedy film directed by Farid Kamil. The film starring Shaheizy Sam, Fizo Omar and Yana Samsudin, tells of a murderer called Tumulak, who came to Malaysia to curb the Malaysian secret societies and relationships Tumulak with ASP Shariff. The movie was aired on May 12, 2011 and ...
The Lintian Republic ( Chinese: 霖田公司, Hakka / Dutch: Lim-Thian; "Misty fields company"), known post-1850 as Xinle Republic ( Chinese: 新樂公司, Hakka / Dutch: Xim-Lok; "New happiness company") was an autonomous Chinese kongsi federation located in Budok [ id] ( Chinese: 烏落, Hakka: Boedok), Lembah Bawang [ id] kecamatan ...