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A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism; there are very few reports of parathyroid adenomas that were not associated with hyperparathyroidism. [ 1] A human being usually has four parathyroid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid in the neck.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [ 1 ] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 ( basophilic) and type 2 ( eosinophilic ).
High-intensity focused ultrasound ( HIFU ), or MR-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery is an incision-less therapeutic technique [ 1] that uses non-ionizing ultrasonic waves to heat or ablate tissue. HIFU can be used to increase the flow of blood or lymph or to destroy tissue, such as tumors, via thermal and mechanical mechanisms.
22.1 million (2015) [ 5] Deaths. 16,100 (2015) [ 6] Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material ( renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [ 2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [ 2]
Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. [ 4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, a lump in the abdomen, or back pain. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain. [ 6]
The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a sporadic, single parathyroid adenoma [5] resulting from a clonal mutation (~97%). Less common are parathyroid hyperplasia [6] (~2.5%), parathyroid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and adenomas in more than one gland (together ~0.5%).Primary hyperparathyroidism is also a feature of several familial endocrine disorders: Multiple endocrine ...
Horseshoe kidney, also known as ren arcuatus (in Latin), renal fusion or super kidney, is a congenital disorder affecting about 1 in 500 people that is more common in men, often asymptomatic, and usually diagnosed incidentally. [ 1][ 2] In this disorder, the patient's kidneys fuse to form a horseshoe -shape during development in the womb.
Renal ultrasonography ( Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound . Ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound.