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A 2013 study found some samples of e-cigarette vapors had cytotoxic effects on cardiac muscle cells, though the effects were less than with cigarette smoke. [209] Studies demonstrate that e-cigarette vapor have adverse effects on primary airway epithelial cells and tumor cell lines, and other epithelial cell lines, that ranged from reducing ...
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [ 163]
E-cigarette aerosol, e-liquids, flavoring, and the metallic coil can cause oxidative stress, and the growing brain is uniquely susceptible to the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. [100] As indicated in the limited research from animal studies, there is the potential for induced changes in neurocognitive growth among children who have ...
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury ( VAPI ), [ 4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury ( VALI) [ 1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury ( E/VALI ), [ 2][ a] is an umbrella term, [ 15][ 16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [ 3]
However, e-cigarette use with or without nicotine cannot be considered risk-free [162] because the long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown. [18] [148] [159] Possible side effects of nicotine [163] The cytotoxicity of e-liquids varies, [164] and contamination with various chemicals have been detected in the liquid. [35]
An outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) started in 2019 [ 3] among users of illegal, unregulated cannabis vaping products, [ 2] almost exclusively in the United States. [ 4] The first cases of this particular outbreak were identified in Illinois and Wisconsin in April 2019; as of 18 February 2020, a ...
From January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023, the FDA received over 300 adverse event reports involving children and adults who consumed delta-8 THC products, prompting the agency to issue a warning ...