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Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
Carcinoma of the tonsil is a type of squamous cell carcinoma. The tonsil is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx. It comprises 23.1% of all malignancies of the oropharynx. [ 1] The tumors frequently present at advanced stages, and around 70% of patients present with metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. [ 2] .
Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips ( oral cancer ), voice box ( laryngeal ), throat ( nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal ), salivary glands, nose and sinuses. [ 5]
Oral cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancers which includes those of the oropharynx, larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, and thyroid gland. Oral melanoma, while part of head and neck cancers is considered separately. [ 6] Other cancers can occur in the mouth (such as bone cancer, lymphoma, or metastatic cancers ...
Oral tongue cancer is a cancer that happens in the front two-thirds of the tongue, while oropharyngeal tongue cancer forms at the base of the tongue in the back portion of the mouth and can extend ...
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant cells grow in the hypopharynx (also known as the laryngopharynx) the area where the larynx and esophagus meet. [1] It first forms in the outer layer ( epithelium) of the hypopharynx (last part of the pharynx), which is split into three areas. Progression of the disease is defined by the ...
Larger tumors may have their growth slowed with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. [2] In the presence of extensive disease or if the affected person is not fit enough to undergo surgery, palliative care is often recommended. [5] As of 2018, esophageal cancer was the eighth-most common cancer globally with 572,000 new cases during the year.