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In a piston engine, the static compression ratio ( ) is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, and the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the top of its stroke. [ 9] It is therefore calculated by the formula [ 10] where. is the displacement volume.
Viscosity models for mixtures. The shear viscosity (or viscosity, in short) of a fluid is a material property that describes the friction between internal neighboring fluid surfaces (or sheets) flowing with different fluid velocities. This friction is the effect of (linear) momentum exchange caused by molecules with sufficient energy to move ...
The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's density relative to that of water ...
The "dilution factor" is an expression which describes the ratio of the aliquot volume to the final volume. Dilution factor is a notation often used in commercial assays. For example, in solution with a 1/5 dilution factor (which may be abbreviated as x5 dilution ), entails combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) with ...
Azeotrope tables. This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point ( b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture ...
The acid number is a measure of the number of carboxylic acid groups ( −C (=O)OH) in a chemical compound, such as a fatty acid, or in a mixture of compounds. [ 2] In other words, it is a measure of free fatty acids (FFAs) present in a substance. In a typical procedure, a known amount of sample dissolved in an organic solvent (often ...
The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas ("scf") that comes out of solution to the volume of oil — at standard conditions. In reservoir simulation gas/oil ratio is usually abbreviated . A point to check is whether the volume of oil is measured before or after the gas comes out of solution, since the remaining oil volume will ...
SAE J300 is a standard that defines the viscometric properties of mono- and multigrade engine oils, maintained by SAE International. [ 1] Key parameters for engine oil viscometrics are the oil's kinematic viscosity, its high temperature-high shear viscosity measured by the tapered bearing simulator, and low temperature properties measured by ...