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The Indus script, also known as the Harappan script and the Indus Valley Script, is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation.Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not they constituted a writing system used to record a Harappan language, any of which are yet to be identified. [3]
Also simply called Nāgari (Sanskrit: नागरि, Nāgari), [9] it is a left-to-right abugida (a type of segmental writing system), [10] based on the ancient Brāhmi script. [11] It is one of the official scripts of the Republic of India and Nepal. It was developed and in regular use by the 8th century CE [9] and achieved its modern form ...
The system has undergone some evolution over time. For instance, long vowels were marked with an accent diacritic in the original version, but this was later replaced in the 1954 Government of India update with a macron. [10] Thus, जान (life) was previously romanised as ján but began to be romanised as jān. The Hunterian system has ...
Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...
(See Indian numbering system.) Lakh and crore are common enough to have entered Indian English. For number 0, Modern Standard Hindi is more inclined towards śūnya (a Sanskrit tatsama) and Standard Urdu is more inclined towards sifr (borrowed from Arabic), while the native tadbhava-form is sunnā in Hindustani.
Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register [10] of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. [11] [12] [13] It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states.
The Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India" and the one officially adopted by the Government of India. [1] [2] [3] Hunterian transliteration was sometimes also called the Jonesian transliteration system because it derived closely from a previous transliteration method developed by William Jones (1746–1794).
This system, with an executive who only possesses nominal power and an official "advisor" who possess actual power, is based on the British system and is a result of colonial influences on India before and during the writing of its constitution. [80] [81]