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Infection prevention and control is the discipline concerned with preventing healthcare-associated infections; a practical rather than academic sub-discipline of epidemiology. In Northern Europe, infection prevention and control is expanded from healthcare into a component in public health, known as "infection protection" ( smittevern ...
Mumps vaccines are vaccines which prevent mumps. [1] When given to a majority of the population they decrease complications at the population level. [1] Effectiveness when 90% of a population is vaccinated is estimated at 85%. [2] Two doses are required for long term prevention. [1] The initial dose is recommended between 12 and 18 months of ...
A breakthrough infection is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes infected with the illness, because the vaccine has failed to provide complete immunity against the pathogen (currently only viruses ). [1] Breakthrough infections have been identified in individuals immunized against a variety of diseases including mumps ...
Rubella infection in pregnancy can result in various outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to congenital defects to miscarriage and fetal death. If infection occurs 0–11 weeks after conception, the infant has a 90% risk of being affected. If the infection occurs 12–20 weeks after conception, the risk is 20%.
Mumps virus. The mumps virus (MuV) is the virus that causes mumps. MuV contains a single-stranded, negative-sense genome made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Its genome is about 15,000 nucleotides in length and contains seven genes that encode nine proteins. The genome is encased by a capsid that is in turn surrounded by a viral envelope.
An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms. [1] Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the disease. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the transmission of common infectious ...
In the case of HIV exposure, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a course of antiretroviral drugs which reduces the risk of seroconversion after events with high risk of exposure to HIV (e.g., unprotected anal or vaginal sex, needlestick injuries, or sharing needles ). [21] The CDC recommends PEP for any HIV-negative person who has recently been ...
7.7 million (2019) [9] Deaths. 236,000 (2019) [9] Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. [10] The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. [1]