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The health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) include a range of potential risks such as exposure to toxic chemicals, the possibility of increased likelihood of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and concerns about their possible role in cancer development. Upon their introduction, there were marketing claims that they were a ...
Cadmium and lead have been found in the e-cigarette vapor at 2–3 times greater levels than with a nicotine inhaler. [15] A 2015 study stated the amount of copper have been found to be six times greater than with cigarette smoke. [51] A 2013 study stated the levels of nickel have been found to be 100 times higher than cigarette smoke. [119]
Construction of electronic cigarettes. An electronic cigarette is a handheld battery -powered vaporizer that simulates smoking, but without tobacco combustion. [ 1] E-cigarette components include a mouthpiece (drip tip [ 2] ), a cartridge (liquid storage area), a heating element / atomizer, a microprocessor, a battery, and some of them have an ...
Vaporizer (inhalation device) A vaporization heat wand and vaporization chamber bowl used to deliver vapor through a water pipe. A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation. Plant substances can be used, commonly cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs or blends of essential oil. [ 1]
Moisture vapor transmission rate ( MVTR ), also water vapor transmission rate ( WVTR ), is a measure of the passage of water vapor through a substance. It is a measure of the permeability for vapor barriers . There are many industries where moisture control is critical. Moisture sensitive foods and pharmaceuticals are put in packaging with ...
An outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) started in 2019 [ 3] among users of illegal, unregulated cannabis vaping products, [ 2] almost exclusively in the United States. [ 4] The first cases of this particular outbreak were identified in Illinois and Wisconsin in April 2019; as of 18 February 2020, a ...
Vapour-pressure deficit. Vapour pressure-deficit, or VPD, is the difference (deficit) between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when it is saturated. Once air becomes saturated, water will condense out to form clouds, dew or films of water over leaves. It is this last instance that makes VPD important for ...
Electron mobility. In solid-state physics, the electron mobility characterises how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor when pushed or pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quantity for holes, called hole mobility. The term carrier mobility refers in general to both electron and hole mobility.