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The Shang dynasty is the earliest dynasty of traditional Chinese history firmly supported by archaeological evidence. Excavation at the last Shang capital Yinxu , near modern-day Anyang , uncovered eleven major royal tombs and the foundations of palaces and ritual sites, containing weapons of war and remains from both animal and human sacrifices.
The "Third Chinese Empire" (中華第三帝國) consisted of the Liao dynasty, the Jin dynasty, the Yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, and the Qing dynasty. Accordingly, the terms "Chinese Empire" and "Empire of China" need not necessarily refer to imperial dynasties that had unified China proper.
The Shang dynasty's religion centered on systematic rituals that influenced traditional Chinese rites. Main Shang rituals include divination, liturgical sacrifices, invoking prayers, and funerals. There was also an "archery ritual" as Li Feng terms it, demonstrated in an inscribed bronze turtle rewarded by the Shang king to an individual named ...
The list of states refers to the various vassal tribes and states during the Shang dynasty in ancient China. Today, scholars' understanding of these states (Chinese:"方") primarily comes from oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the late Shang dynasty Yinxu. In these inscriptions, these tribal states are often referred to as name + "方". [1]
[a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang ( c. 1600–1046 BCE ) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang 王 , meaning king . [ 4 ]
A late Shang dynasty bronze ding vessel with taotie motif. Shang archaeology is concerned with the archaeological evidence for the Chinese Shang dynasty. Choice of excavation sites and interpretation of finds have been heavily influenced by the textual historical record.
Wu Ding ( Chinese: 武丁; died c. 1200 BC ); personal name Zi Zhao ( 子昭 ), was a king of the Chinese Shang dynasty who ruled the central Yellow River valley c. 1250 BC – c. 1200 BC. He is the earliest figure in Chinese history mentioned in contemporary records. The annals of the Shang dynasty compiled by later historians were once ...
King Zhou ( [ʈ͡ʂoʊ]; Chinese: 紂王; pinyin: Zhòu Wáng) was the pejorative posthumous name given to Di Xin of Shang ( 商帝辛; Shāng Dì Xīn) or King Shou of Shang ( 商王受; Shāng Wáng Shòu ), the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China. [ 4] He is also called Zhou Xin ( 紂辛; Zhòu Xīn ). In Chinese, his name Zhòu ...