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Industrial relations or employment relations is the multidisciplinary academic field that studies the employment relationship; [ 1] that is, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor/trade unions, employer organizations, and the state . The newer name, "Employment Relations" is increasingly taking precedence because ...
Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines "the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations " to "the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing ...
Labour economics, or labor economics, seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers, usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms. [ 1][ 2] Because these labourers exist as parts of a social, institutional, or political system, labour economics must ...
Social class. A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, [ 1] the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class. Membership of a social class can for example be dependent on education, wealth, occupation, income, and belonging to a particular subculture or social ...
In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. The term was originated by Alain Touraine and is closely related to similar sociological theoretical concepts such as post-Fordism, information society, knowledge economy ...
Definition and usage. "Social stratification" is a concept used in the social sciences to describe the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region or other social unit. It derives from the Latin strātum (plural 'strata'; parallel, horizontal layers) referring to a given society's categorization of ...
A sociological theory is a supposition that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective, [ 1]: 14 drawing connections between individual concepts in order to organize and substantiate sociological knowledge. Hence, such knowledge is composed of complex theoretical frameworks and ...
Middle-range theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, is an approach to sociological theorizing aimed at integrating theory and empirical research. It is currently the de facto dominant approach to sociological theory construction, [ 1] especially in the United States. Middle-range theory starts with an empirical phenomenon (as opposed to a broad ...