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Insulation system. The electrical insulation system for wires used in generators, electric motors, transformers, and other wire-wound electrical components is divided into different classes by temperature and temperature rise. The electrical insulation system is sometimes referred to as insulation class or thermal classification.
In the USSR, per GOST 2582-72 with class N insulation, the maximum temperatures allowed for DC motors were 160 °C for the armature, 180 °C for the stator, and 105 °C for the collector. [3] The one-hour rating is typically about 10% higher than the continuous rating and is limited by the temperature rise in the motor.
Thermistor. A thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor whose resistance is strongly dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor . Thermistors are categorized based on their conduction models. Negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) thermistors have less ...
Thermal runaway occurs in situations where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive result. It is a kind of uncontrolled positive feedback . In chemistry (and chemical engineering ), thermal runaway is associated with strongly exothermic reactions ...
Various regulations use terms such as class, division, zone, and group to differentiate the various hazards. Often an area classification plan view is provided to identify equipment ratings and installation techniques to be used for each classified area. The plan may contain the list of chemicals with their group and temperature rating.
A thermal fuse protecting the windings of a small motor. A thermal fuse is a cutoff which uses a one-time fusible link.Unlike a thermal switch which may automatically reset itself when the temperature drops, the thermal fuse is more like an electrical fuse: a single-use device that cannot be reset and must be replaced when it fails or is triggered.
A low temperature difference (LTD, or Low Delta T (LDT)) Stirling engine will run on any low-temperature differential, for example, the difference between the palm of a hand and room temperature, or room temperature and an ice cube. A record of only 0.5 °C temperature differential was achieved in 1990. [44]
A fractional-horsepower motor ( FHP) is an electric motor with a rated output power of less than one horsepower (745.7 W) (the term 'fractional' indicates less than one unit). There is no defined minimum output, however, it is generally accepted that a motor with a frame size of less than 35mm square can be referred to as a 'micro-motor'.