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  2. Continuous casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_casting

    Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills. Prior to the introduction of continuous casting in the 1950s, steel was poured into stationary molds to form ingots. Since then, "continuous casting" has ...

  3. Sand casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_casting

    For example, some sands only need to withstand 650 °C (1,202 °F) if casting aluminum alloys, whereas steel needs a sand that will withstand 1,500 °C (2,730 °F). Sand with too low refractoriness will melt and fuse to the casting. [13] Chemical inertness — The sand must not react with the metal being cast.

  4. List of polyurethane applications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_polyurethane...

    Polyurethane foam made with an aromatic isocyanate, which has been exposed to UV light. Readily apparent is the discoloration that occurs over time. Custom-cast polyurethane objects. Polyurethane products have many uses. Over three quarters of the global consumption of polyurethane products is in the form of foams, with flexible and rigid types ...

  5. Composite material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material

    A black carbon fibre (used as a reinforcement component) compared to a human hair. Composites are formed by combining materials together to form an overall structure with properties that differ from that of the individual components. A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is ...

  6. Investment casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_casting

    Investment casting. Inlet-outlet cover of a valve for a nuclear power station produced using investment casting. Investment casting is an industrial process based on lost-wax casting, one of the oldest known metal-forming techniques. [ 1] The term "lost-wax casting" can also refer to modern investment casting processes.

  7. Reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete

    (2) The thermal expansion coefficients of concrete and steel are so close (1.0 × 10 −5 to 1.5 × 10 −5 for concrete and 1.2 × 10 −5 for steel) that the thermal stress-induced damage to the bond between the two components can be prevented. (3) Concrete can protect the embedded steel from corrosion and high-temperature induced softening.

  8. Construction aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregate

    Construction aggregate. Construction aggregate, or simply aggregate, is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world.

  9. Autoclaved aerated concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclaved_aerated_concrete

    Autoclaved aerated concrete ( AAC) is a lightweight, precast, cellular concrete building material, eco-friendly, [ 1] suitable for producing concrete-like blocks. It is composed of quartz sand, calcined gypsum, lime, portland cement, water and aluminium powder. [ 2][ 3] AAC products are cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave.