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Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double sugars, are molecules made of two bonded monosaccharides; common examples are sucrose (glucose + fructose ...
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C. 12H. 22O. 11 . For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet.
Maltose ( / ˈmɔːltoʊs / [ 2] or / ˈmɔːltoʊz / [ 3] ), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α (1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α (1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key ...
Galactose ( / ɡəˈlæktoʊs /, galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. [ 2] It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. [ 3]
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, [ 4] a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.
Carbohydrate. Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. A carbohydrate ( / ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt /) is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 ...
Around 1770, Antoine Lavoisier discovered the details of metabolism, demonstrating that the oxidation of food is the source of body heat. Called the most fundamental chemical discovery of the 18th century, [189] Lavoisier discovered the principle of conservation of mass. His ideas made the phlogiston theory of combustion obsolete. [190]