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This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Butler County, Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The locations of the historical markers, as well as the latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the PHMC's database, are included below when available.
The composition of Mars covers the branch of the geology of Mars that describes the make-up of the planet Mars. "Hottah" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed [1] [2] [3] viewed by the Curiosity Rover (September 12, 2012, white balanced) (raw, close-up, 3-D version). Abundant iron compounds are responsible for the bright brownish-red ...
Valles Marineris ( / ˈvælɪs mærɪˈnɛərɪs /; [ 1] Latin for Mariner Valleys, named after the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. [ 2] At more than 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long, 200 km (120 mi) wide and up to 7 km (23,000 ft) deep, [ 3 ...
Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. [ 1][ 2] The planet orbits the Sun in 687 days [ 3] and travels 9.55 AU in doing so, [ 4] making the average orbital speed 24 km/s. The eccentricity is greater than that of every other planet except Mercury ...
The unmanned Mars exploration mission, commenced in 2003 sent two robotic rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, to explore the Martian surface and geology. The mission was led by Project Manager Peter Theisinger of NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Principal Investigator Steven Squyres, professor of astronomy at Cornell University .
The common surface features of Mars include dark slope streaks, dust devil tracks, sand dunes, Medusae Fossae Formation, fretted terrain, layers, gullies, glaciers, scalloped topography, chaos terrain, possible ancient rivers, pedestal craters, brain terrain, and ring mold craters .
On October 13, 1590, the German astronomer Michael Maestlin observed an occultation of Mars by Venus. [ 23] One of his students, Johannes Kepler, quickly became an adherent to the Copernican system. After the completion of his education, Kepler became an assistant to the Danish nobleman and astronomer, Tycho Brahe.
Climate of Mars. Mars' cloudy sky as seen by Perseverance rover in 2023, sol 738. The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope .