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The phrase crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) was first used by C. Ray Jeffery, a criminologist from Florida State University. The phrase began to gain acceptance after publishing his 1971 book of the same name. Jeffery's work was based on the precepts of experimental psychology represented in modern learning theory.
MOSAIC threat assessment systems (MOSAIC) is a method developed by Gavin de Becker and Associates to assess and screen threats and inappropriate communications. Walt Risler of Indiana University assisted in the early development of the method, and Robert Martin, founding commander of the Los Angeles Police Department Threat Management Unit played a role in later development and enhancements.
Tertiary prevention is used after a crime has occurred in order to prevent successive incidents. Such measures can be seen in the implementation of new security policies following acts of terrorism such as the September 11, 2001 attacks. Situational crime prevention uses techniques focusing on reducing on the opportunity to commit a crime. Some ...
Problem-oriented policing. Problem-oriented policing (POP), coined by University of Wisconsin–Madison professor Herman Goldstein, is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems, in order to develop effective response strategies. POP requires police to identify and target underlying ...
The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was a landmark experiment carried out between 1972 and 1973 by the Kansas City Police Department of Kansas City, Missouri and the Police Foundation, an independent nonprofit research organization [1] today known as the National Policing Institute. [2] It was designed to test the assumption that the ...
Routine activity theory is a sub-field of crime opportunity theory that focuses on situations of crimes. It was first proposed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen in their explanation of crime rate changes in the United States between 1947 and 1974. [1] The theory has been extensively applied and has become one of the most cited theories in ...
The defensible space theory of architect and city planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas about crime prevention and neighborhood safety. Newman argues that architectural and environmental design plays a crucial part in increasing or reducing criminality. [ 1 ] The theory developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic ...
Natural surveillance is a term used in crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) models for crime prevention. These models rely on the ability to influence offender decisions preceding criminal acts. Research into criminal behavior demonstrates that the decision to offend or not to offend is more influenced by cues to the perceived ...