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  2. passwd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passwd

    passwd. passwd is a command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and most Unix-like operating systems used to change a user's password. The password entered by the user is run through a key derivation function to create a hashed version of the new password, which is saved. Only the hashed version is stored; the entered password is not saved for security ...

  3. crypt (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(Unix)

    crypt (Unix) In Unix computing, crypt or enigma is a utility program used for encryption. Due to the ease of breaking it, it is considered to be obsolete. The program is usually used as a filter, and it has traditionally been implemented using a "rotor machine" algorithm based on the Enigma machine. It is considered to be cryptographically far ...

  4. sudo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo

    Website. www .sudo .ws. sudo ( / suːduː / [ 4]) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that enables users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, by default the superuser. [ 5] It originally stood for "superuser do", [ 6] as that was all it did, and this remains its most common usage; [ 7] however, the ...

  5. Magic SysRq key - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key

    The SysRq key. The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes, or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem. [ 1] Its effect is similar to the computer's hardware reset ...

  6. Secure Shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell

    The Secure Shell Protocol ( SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. [ 1] Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution. SSH was designed for Unix-like operating systems as a replacement for Telnet and unsecured remote Unix shell protocols, such as ...

  7. pwd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwd

    Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command) [ 11] from which the Unix pwd command originated. [ 12] The command is a shell builtin in most Unix shells such as Bourne shell, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh. It can be implemented easily with the POSIX C functions getcwd() or getwd() .

  8. Password - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password

    The easier a password is for the owner to remember generally means it will be easier for an attacker to guess. [12] However, passwords that are difficult to remember may also reduce the security of a system because (a) users might need to write down or electronically store the password, (b) users will need frequent password resets and (c) users are more likely to re-use the same password ...

  9. Hashcat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcat

    Hashcat is a password recovery tool. It had a proprietary code base until 2015, but was then released as open source software. Versions are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows. Examples of hashcat-supported hashing algorithms are LM hashes, MD4, MD5, SHA-family and Unix Crypt formats as well as algorithms used in MySQL and Cisco PIX .