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UEFI. In computing, BIOS ( / ˈbaɪɒs, - oʊs /, BY-oss, -ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [ 1]
In development. Historical. v. t. e. An EPROM (rarely EROM ), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile.
GNU GRUB, a popular open source bootloader. Windows bootloader. A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader[ 1][ 2] or called bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer. If it also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's often called a boot manager. [ 2]
The Windows Boot Manager ( BOOTMGR) is the bootloader provided by Microsoft for Windows NT versions starting with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. It is the first program launched by the BIOS or UEFI of the computer and is responsible for loading the rest of Windows. [ 1] It replaced the NTLDR present in older versions of Windows.
In Windows NT, the booting process is initiated by NTLDR in versions before Vista and the Windows Boot Manager in Vista and later. [4] The boot loader is responsible for accessing the file system on the boot drive, starting ntoskrnl.exe, and loading boot-time device drivers into memory. Once all the boot and system drivers have been loaded, the ...
Operation. The boot ROM is mapped into memory at a fixed location, and the processor is designed to start executing from this location after reset. Usually, it is placed on the same die as the CPU, but it can also be an external ROM chip, as is common in older systems. On modern systems, the boot ROM (whether integrated into CPU or external ROM ...
This is a list of Microsoft written and published operating systems. For the codenames that Microsoft gave their operating systems , see Microsoft codenames . For another list of versions of Microsoft Windows, see, List of Microsoft Windows versions .
Firmware. Firmware is commonly stored in an EEPROM, which makes use of an I/O protocol such as SPI. In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware. For a relatively simple device, firmware may perform all control, monitoring and data manipulation functionality. For a more complex device, firmware ...