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Penalties range from fines to imprisonment. The District of Columbia is the only U.S. jurisdiction whose ban also applies to adults. Four states ban the use of state and federal funds for conversion therapy on minors. In some jurisdictions, bans on conversion therapy have been enjoined on First Amendment grounds.
There is a scientific consensus that conversion therapy is ineffective at changing a person's sexual orientation. [2] Advocates of conversion therapy rely heavily on testimonials and retrospective self-reports as evidence of effectiveness.
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity.As of December 2023, twenty-eight countries have bans on conversion therapy, fourteen of them ban the practice by any person: Belgium, [1] Canada, Cyprus, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, Portugal and Norway; Seven ban its ...
Research into conversion therapy’s harms to gay individuals began to emerge in the mid-1990s. Investigations into the practice’s impact on trans people have been undertaken much more recently.
In the recent Netflix documentary “Pray Away,” former leaders of Exodus International, once America’s leading conversion therapy organization, express shame
The history of conversion therapy can be divided broadly into three periods: an early Freudian period; a period of mainstream approval of conversion therapy, when the mental health establishment became the "primary superintendent" of sexuality; and a post- Stonewall period where the mainstream medical profession disavowed conversion therapy.
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Garrard Conley. Garrard Conley (born 1984 or 1985 [ 1]) is an American author and LGBTQ activist known for his autobiography Boy Erased: A Memoir, recounting his childhood as part of a fundamentalist family in Arkansas that enrolled him in conversion therapy. The book was adapted for the 2018 film, Boy Erased. [ 2]