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Mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry ( MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures ...
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample. It atomizes the sample and creates atomic and small polyatomic ions, which are then detected. It is known and used for its ability to detect metals and several non-metals in liquid samples at very ...
In mass spectrometry, Orbitrap is an ion trap mass analyzer consisting of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that traps ions in an orbital motion around the spindle. [1] [2] The image current from the trapped ions is detected and converted to a mass spectrum by first using the Fourier transform of time ...
A Thermo Finnigan LTQ (linear trap quadrupole) The linear ion trap ( LIT) is a type of ion trap mass spectrometer. In a LIT, ions are confined radially by a two-dimensional radio frequency (RF) field, and axially by stopping potentials applied to end electrodes . LITs have high injection efficiencies and high ion storage capacities.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( TOFMS) is a method of mass spectrometry in which an ion 's mass-to-charge ratio is determined by a time of flight measurement. Ions are accelerated by an electric field of known strength. [ 1] This acceleration results in an ion having the same kinetic energy as any other ion ...
Collision-induced dissociation ( CID ), also known as collisionally activated dissociation ( CAD ), is a mass spectrometry technique to induce fragmentation of selected ions in the gas phase. [ 1][ 2] The selected ions (typically molecular ions or protonated molecules) are usually accelerated by applying an electrical potential to increase the ...
Secondary-ion mass spectrometry ( SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. The mass/charge ratios of these secondary ions are measured with a mass spectrometer to determine ...
A calibration curve plot showing limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), dynamic range, and limit of linearity (LOL).. In analytical chemistry, a calibration curve, also known as a standard curve, is a general method for determining the concentration of a substance in an unknown sample by comparing the unknown to a set of standard samples of known concentration. [1]