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This is known as the charge transfer rate. The second is the rate at which reactants are provided, and products removed, from the electrode region by various processes including diffusion, migration, and convection. The latter is known as the mass-transfer rate [Note 1]. These two rates determine the concentrations of the reactants and products ...
In electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek letter ρ) is the quantity of charge per unit volume, measured in the SI system in coulombs per cubic meter (C⋅m −3 ), at any point in a volume. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Surface charge density (σ ...
The symmetry factor and the charge transfer coefficient are dimensionless. [1] According to an IUPAC definition, [2] for a reaction with a single rate-determining step, the charge transfer coefficient for a cathodic reaction (the cathodic transfer coefficient, α c) is defined as:
Tafel plot for an anodic process ( oxidation) The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. [ 1] The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel.
The mass-to-charge ratio ( m / Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics .
Electron mobility. In solid-state physics, the electron mobility characterises how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor when pushed or pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quantity for holes, called hole mobility. The term carrier mobility refers in general to both electron and hole mobility.
State of charge ( SoC) quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing. [ 1] It is usually expressed as percentage (0% = empty; 100% = full). An alternative form of the same measure is the depth of discharge ( DoD), calculated as 1 − SoC (100% = empty; 0% = full).
Recent federal funds rate changes: To combat high inflation, the Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate 11 times in 2022 and 2023, before leaving rates unchanged for eight straight ...