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In 2012, the UK's total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.92 children per woman, [52] below the replacement rate, which in the UK is 2.075. [53] In 2001, the TFR was at a record low of 1.63, but it then increased every year until it reached a peak of 1.96 in 2008, before decreasing again. [52] In 2012 and 2013, England and Wales's TFR decreased to 1.85.
It also holds the record for the longest time for a song to reach number one after its initial release and the oldest female artist to have a number one single. The Beatles had their 18th number-one single with " Now and Then " in November 2023, making it the longest gap (60 years) between an artist's first and last number one in UK chart history.
Date and time notation in the United Kingdom. Date and time notation in the United Kingdom records the date using the day–month–year format (31 December 1999, 31/12/99 or 31/12/1999). The time can be written using either the 24-hour clock (23:59) or the 12-hour clock (11:59 p.m.).
The General Register Office for England and Wales (GRO) is the section of the United Kingdom HM Passport Office responsible for the civil registration of births (including stillbirths), adoptions, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths in England and Wales and for those same events outside the UK if they involve a UK citizen and qualify to be registered in various miscellaneous registers.
Chris Isaak held the top spot for four weeks with First Comes the Night. Full Circle became country legend Loretta Lynn 's final UK number one before her death in 2022. Chris Stapleton 's Traveller spent four weeks at number one. Shawn Colvin and Steve Earle were number one for four consecutive weeks with their collaborative project Colvin & Earle.
In 2020, the UK had around 2 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves. [351] In 2021, the UK was the 21st-largest producer of natural gas in the world. [352] Production is now [when?] in decline and the UK has been a net importer of natural gas since 2004. [352] In 2020, the UK produced 1.8 million tonnes of coal falling 91% in 10 years. [347]
The history of the United Kingdom begins in 1707 with the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union. The core of the United Kingdom as a unified state came into being with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, [ 1] into a new unitary state called Great Britain. [ a] Of this new state, the historian Simon Schama said:
This is a list of United Kingdom general elections (elections for the UK House of Commons) since the first in 1802.The members of the 1801–1802 Parliament had been elected to the former Parliament of Great Britain and Parliament of Ireland, before being co-opted to serve in the first Parliament of the United Kingdom, so that Parliament is not included in the table below.