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Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [ 13][ 14] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin. 1921 Research on the role of pancreas in ...
Insulin glargine. Insulin glargine sold under the brand name Lantus among others is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin, used in the management of type I and type II diabetes. [7] It is injected just under the skin. [7] Effects generally begin an hour after use.
Insulin aspart. Insulin aspart, sold under the brand name NovoLog, among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [17] It is generally used by injection under the skin but may also be used by injection into a vein. [17] Maximum effect occurs after about 1–3 hours and lasts for 3–5 hours. [17]
Insulin glargine/lixisenatide, sold under the brand name Soliqua among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that combines insulin glargine and lixisenatide and is used to treat diabetes . The most common side effects include hypoglycemia (low blood glucose), diarrhea, vomiting and nausea (feeling sick). [5]
Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [3] It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump. [3] [4] Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. [3]
GLP-1 agonists were developed initially for type 2 diabetes. [5] The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include GLP-1 agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor as a first line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in patients who have or are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart failure.
Glulisine is rapid acting insulin analog from Sanofi-Aventis, approved for use with a regular syringe, in an insulin pump. Standard syringe delivery is also an option. It is sold under the name Apidra. The FDA-approved label states that it differs from regular human insulin by its rapid onset and shorter duration of action.
Mechanism of action. Lixisenatide is a member of the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist drugs, each of which activates the GLP-1 receptor. GLP-1 is a hormone that helps pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin in response to high blood sugar.
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