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A character encoding provides a key to unlock (ie. crack) the code. It is a set of mappings between the bytes in the computer and the characters in the character set. Without the key, the data looks like garbage. The misleading term charset is often used to refer to what are in reality character encodings. You should be aware of this usage, but ...
A character encoding declaration is also needed to process non-ASCII characters entered by the user in forms, in URLs generated by scripts, and so forth. This article describes how to do this for an HTML file. If you need to better understand what characters and character encodings are, see the article Character encodings for beginners.
The server may already send a default character encoding declaration in the HTTP Content-Type header when your browser retrieves a style sheet, or it may not. This line in the HTTP response would indicate that the file is encoded in UTF-8. Content-Type: text/css; charset=utf-8. The techniques index provides a set of links to help you detect ...
The encoding forms that can be used with Unicode are called UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. Character encodings. UTF-8 uses 1 byte to represent characters in the ASCII set, two bytes for characters in several more alphabetic blocks, and three bytes for the rest of the BMP. Supplementary characters use 4 bytes.
In this context, that key is called a character encoding. There are many character encodings to choose from. Choosing & applying a character encoding offers simple advice on which character encoding to use for your content, and how to apply it. How to declare a character encoding. You should always specify the encoding used for an HTML or XML page.
Applying an encoding to your content. Content authors should declare the character encoding of their pages using one of the methods described in Declaring character encodings in HTML. However, it is important to understand that just declaring an encoding inside a document or on the server won't actually change the bytes; you need to save the ...
The charset parameter. Documents transmitted with HTTP that are of type text, such as text/html, text/plain, etc., can send a charset parameter in the HTTP header to specify the character encoding of the document. It is very important to always label Web documents explicitly. HTTP 1.1 says that the default charset is ISO-8859-1.
"If the encoding that is already being used to interpret the input stream is a UTF-16 encoding, then set the confidence to certain and abort these steps. The new encoding is ignored; if it was anything but the same encoding, then it would be clearly incorrect. If the new encoding is a UTF-16 encoding, change it to UTF-8." 12.1 text/html [html5:32]
The search for the best encoding always to some extent was in conflict with the need to use a common encoding that met many needs, even if somewhat incompletely. A brief history of character encoding is provided in Richard Gillam, Unicode Demystified, pp. 25-59. More and More Characters. 5-bit encodings; 6-bit encodings
The Content-Transfer-Encoding field is used to indicate the type of transformation that has been used in order to represent the body in an acceptable manner for transport. Unlike Content-Types, a proliferation of Content-Transfer- Encoding values is undesirable and unnecessary. However, establishing only a single Content-Transfer-Encoding ...