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Construction Products Directive (Council Directive 89/106/EEC) (CPD) is a now repealed European Union Directive which aimed to remove technical barriers to trade in construction products between Member States in the European Union. The directive is now replaced by Regulation (EU) No 305/2011.
Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011. Regulation No. 305/2011[ 1] ( Construction Products Regulation, or CPR) of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union is a regulation of 9 March 2011 which lays down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and replaces Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, also known as CDM Regulations or CDM 2015, which came into force on 6 April 2015, are regulations governing the way construction projects of all sizes and types are planned in the UK. Replacing Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, CDM 2015 is the latest update to the ...
CE marking. The presence of the logo (from French, "conformité européenne" meaning "European conformity") [ 2] on commercial products indicates that the manufacturer or importer affirms the goods' conformity with European health, safety, and environmental protection standards. [ 3]: 58 It is not a quality indicator or a certification mark. [ 4]
CDM 2007 was a result of an EU Directive 92/57/EEC (OJ L245, 26.8.92), [3] the 'Construction Sites Directive'. They came into force on 6 April 2007, and replaced a 1994 predecessor as amended in 2000 and 1996 Health and Safety regulations. [4]
Commission Directive 66/683/EEC of 7 November 1966 eliminating all differences between the treatment of national products and that of products which, under Articles 9 and 10 of the Treaty, must be admitted for free movement, as regards laws, regulations or administrative provisions prohibiting the use of the said products and prescribing the use of national products or making such use subject ...
€5,548,000 (previously €5,225,000) for public sector and utility works contracts, as well as for contracts that are more than 50% state-subsidised and involve civil engineering activities or hospital, sports, recreation or education facility construction (Directive 2004/17/EC article 16(b), Directive 2004/18/EC article 7(c), article 8(a ...
Tofu-dreg construction stems from speedy, shoddy work and often uses cheap and quick materials, mainly concrete. [17] The speedy construction and pouring of sub-standard concrete leads to poor building and infrastructure quality, causing the issues seen during natural disasters like the Wenchuan Earthquake. [17]