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Sustainable finance. v. t. e. In economics and accounting, the cost of capital is the cost of a company's funds (both debt and equity ), or from an investor's point of view is "the required rate of return on a portfolio company's existing securities". [ 1] It is used to evaluate new projects of a company.
In finance, the beta (β or market beta or beta coefficient) is a statistic that measures the expected increase or decrease of an individual stock price in proportion to movements of the stock market as a whole. Beta can be used to indicate the contribution of an individual asset to the market risk of a portfolio when it is added in small ...
An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data. In finance, the capital asset pricing model ( CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio .
Hamada's equation. In corporate finance, Hamada’s equation is an equation used as a way to separate the financial risk of a levered firm from its business risk. The equation combines the Modigliani–Miller theorem with the capital asset pricing model. It is used to help determine the levered beta and, through this, the optimal capital ...
The expected return (or expected gain) on a financial investment is the expected value of its return (of the profit on the investment). It is a measure of the center of the distribution of the random variable that is the return. [ 1] It is calculated by using the following formula: where. is the return in scenario ; is the probability for the ...
The single-index model (SIM) is a simple asset pricing model to measure both the risk and the return of a stock. The model has been developed by William Sharpe in 1963 and is commonly used in the finance industry. Mathematically the SIM is expressed as: where: These equations show that the stock return is influenced by the market (beta), has a ...
Risk premium. A risk premium is a measure of excess return that is required by an individual to compensate being subjected to an increased level of risk. [ 1] It is used widely in finance and economics, the general definition being the expected risky return less the risk-free return, as demonstrated by the formula below.
Time-weighted return calculates a fund’s compound return using sub-periods, which are created each time cash moves into or out of the fund or portfolio. In doing so, TWR shows the real market ...