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In general, a Golomb ruler with marks will be considerably longer than an optimal sparse ruler with marks, since () / is a lower bound for the length of a Golomb ruler. A long Golomb ruler will have gaps, that is, it will have distances which it cannot measure.
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) [a] was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
A Langford pairing for n = 4. In combinatorial mathematics, a Langford pairing, also called a Langford sequence, is a permutation of the sequence of 2n numbers 1, 1, 2, 2, ..., n, n in which the two 1s are one unit apart, the two 2s are two units apart, and more generally the two copies of each number k are k units apart. Langford pairings are ...
The naming procedure for large numbers is based on taking the number n occurring in 10 3n+3 (short scale) or 10 6n (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix -illion. In this way, numbers up to 10 3·999+3 = 10 3000 (short scale) or 10 6·999 = 10 5994 (long scale
The weapon target assignment problem (WTA) is a class of combinatorial optimization problems present in the fields of optimization and operations research. It consists of finding an optimal assignment of a set of weapons of various types to a set of targets in order to maximize the total expected damage done to the opponent.
Learn about the global conflict known as World War I, its causes, major battles, and impact on history.
The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 × 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy. [85] Although antimatter is sometimes proposed as a source of energy, [86] this does not seem feasible. Artificially producing antimatter – according to current understanding of the laws of physics – involves first converting ...
In narcolepsy, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale has both a high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (93.5%). [7] The Epworth Sleepiness Scale has been used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of other similar measurements of sleep quality. [8] [9] The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is a related scoring tool of