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Firmware. Firmware is commonly stored in an EEPROM, which makes use of an I/O protocol such as SPI. In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware. For a relatively simple device, firmware may perform all control, monitoring and data manipulation functionality. For a more complex device, firmware ...
They can use different I/O protocols, but SPI is the most common. Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ( UEFI, / ˈjuːɪfaɪ / or as an acronym) [ b] is a specification that defines the architecture of the platform firmware used for booting the computer hardware and its interface for interaction with the operating system.
An example would be from supervisor mode to protected mode. This is where the operating system performs actions like accessing hardware devices or the memory management unit. Generally the operating system provides a library that sits between the operating system and normal user programs. Usually it is a C library such as Glibc or Windows API ...
EFI system partition. The EFI ( Extensible Firmware Interface) system partition or ESP is a partition on a data storage device (usually a hard disk drive or solid-state drive) that is used by computers that have the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). When a computer is booted, UEFI firmware loads files stored on the ESP to start ...
In operating systems. A hardware abstraction layer ( HAL) is an abstraction layer, implemented in software, between the physical hardware of a computer and the software that runs on that computer. Its function is to hide differences in hardware from most of the operating system kernel, so that most of the kernel-mode code does not need to be ...
A "personal computer" version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations. The first five versions of Windows– Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1 –were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both ...
Universal Windows Platform. Fluent Design System. v. t. e. Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft 's Windows NT operating system. It is the direct successor to Windows 8.1, which was released nearly two years earlier. It was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on July 29, 2015. [ 20]
Power-on self-test. A power-on self-test ( POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. [ 1] POST processes may set the initial state of the device from firmware and detect if any hardware components are non-functional.