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Greatest common divisor. In mathematics, the greatest common divisor ( GCD) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For two integers x, y, the greatest common divisor of x and y is denoted . For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4, that is, gcd (8, 12) = 4. [ 1][ 2]
This GCD definition led to the modern abstract algebraic concepts of a principal ideal (an ideal generated by a single element) and a principal ideal domain (a domain in which every ideal is a principal ideal). Certain problems can be solved using this result. [59] For example, consider two measuring cups of volume a and b.
The least common multiple of the denominators of two fractions is the "lowest common denominator" (lcd), and can be used for adding, subtracting or comparing the fractions. The least common multiple of more than two integers a, b, c, . . . , usually denoted by lcm (a, b, c, . . .), is defined as the smallest positive integer that is divisible ...
Polynomial greatest common divisor. In algebra, the greatest common divisor (frequently abbreviated as GCD) of two polynomials is a polynomial, of the highest possible degree, that is a factor of both the two original polynomials. This concept is analogous to the greatest common divisor of two integers. In the important case of univariate ...
GCFLearnFree. edu.GCFGlobal.org (formerly GCFLearnFree.org) is a free online educational website focusing on technology, job training, reading, and math skills. The site is a program of the Goodwill Community Foundation Inc. (GCF). All content in English is created in Raleigh, North Carolina and all the content in Spanish Bogotá, Colombia ...
Mathematical problem. A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the solar system, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems.
Closer to the Collatz problem is the following universally quantified problem: Given g , does the sequence of iterates g k ( n ) reach 1 , for all n > 0 ? Modifying the condition in this way can make a problem either harder or easier to solve (intuitively, it is harder to justify a positive answer but might be easier to justify a negative one).
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.