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Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [ 1]
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [ 2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science . Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics ...
The nanometre ( SI symbol: nm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−9 metres ( 1 1 000 000 000 m = 0.000 000 001 m ). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 −9 and 10 −8 m (1 nm and 10 nm). 1 nm – diameter of a carbon nanotube.
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Around the time of alignment, extreme gravitational lensing of the galaxy is observed. A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it. [ 2] Einstein 's theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently ...
Crocea Mors [ fr], formerly the sword of Julius Caesar, captured by Nennius according to the legends presented by Geoffrey of Monmouth. Cruadh-Chosgarach, the Hard Destroying One, sword of Caílte mac Rónáin. Cruaidín Catutchenn, the sword of Cú Chulainn. Dyrnwyn ( White-Hilt ), the Sword of Rhydderch Hael.
The map defined by x → 4 x (1 – x) and y → (x + y) mod 1 displays sensitivity to initial x positions. Here, two series of x and y values diverge markedly over time from a tiny initial difference.
A satellite or artificial satellite[ a] is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. Satellites have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation ( GPS ), broadcasting, scientific research, and Earth observation. Additional military uses are reconnaissance, early warning ...