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The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as follows: GMST is the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a value over a specified reference period".
The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature show a warming of 1.09 °C (range: 0.95 to 1.20 °C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, based on multiple independently produced datasets. [26] : 5 The trend is faster since 1970s than in any other 50-year period over at least the last 2000 years.
NASA animation portrays global surface temperature changes from 1880 to 2023. The colour blue denotes cooler temperatures and red denotes warmer temperatures. The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature , show a warming of 1.09 °C (range: 0.95 to 1.20 °C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, based on multiple independently ...
In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change became more common, often being used interchangeably. [35] [36] [37] Scientifically, global warming refers only to increased surface warming, while climate change describes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as precipitation changes. [34]
This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. The likely range of human-induced surface-level air warming by 2010–2019 compared to levels in 1850–1900 is 0.8 °C to 1.3 °C, with a best estimate of 1.07 °C. This is close to the observed overall warming during that time of 0.9 °C to 1.2 °C.
A global warming hiatus, [1] also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause [2] or a global warming slowdown, [3] is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. [4] In the current episode of global warming many such 15-year periods appear in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of ...
Over the last 50 years the Arctic has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than sea surface temperatures. [15] Global warming affects all parts of Earth's climate system. [16] Global surface temperatures have risen by 1.1 °C (2.0 °F). Scientists say they will rise further in the future.
According to IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, in the last 170 years, humans have caused the global temperature to increase to the highest level in the last 2,000 years. The current multi-century period is the warmest in the past 100,000 years. [3] The temperature in the years 2011-2020 was 1.09 °C higher than in 1859–1890.