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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest, most fundamental needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization and transcendence at the top. In other words, the idea is that individuals' most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher-level needs. [14]
Abraham Harold Maslow ( / ˈmæzloʊ /; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. [1]
Edwin C. Nevis (May 20, 1926 – May 20, 2011) was an American gestalt therapist who identified Maslow's hierarchy of needs as culturally relative and formulated a hierarchy of needs for Chinese culture and a mode of classifying hierarchies of needs in different cultures. He co-founded the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland and founded the Gestalt ...
His hierarchy of needs describes several levels of the the human experience, with examples of how each need can be fulfilled. The corresponding theory poses each level must be sufficiently met ...
The fundamental human needs of Max-Neef form the basis of this alternative development system. Unlike Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which focuses on a hierarchy of psychological needs, Max-Neef talks about needs that are complementary, all of which are necessary to achieve satisfaction. This proposal for an improved development system can ...
Ivory seal of Godwin, an unknown thegn – first half of eleventh century, British Museum. In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn ( pronounced / θeɪn /; Old English: þeġn) or thane [1] (or thayn in Shakespearean English) was an aristocrat who owned substantial land in one or more counties. Thanes ranked at the third level in lay society ...
Clayton Alderfer. Clayton Paul Alderfer (September 1, 1940 - October 30, 2015) [1] was an American psychologist and consultant known for developing Abraham Maslow 's hierarchy of needs into a framework of three essential categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.
In 1938, Henry Murray developed a system of needs as part of his theory of personality, which he named personology.He argued that everyone had a set of universal basic needs, with individual differences on these needs leading to the uniqueness of personality through varying dispositional tendencies for each need; in other words, a specific need is more important to some than to others.