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A recording of The Gong numbers station, run by the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic, from 1988. A numbers station is a shortwave radio station characterized by broadcasts of formatted numbers, which are believed to be addressed to intelligence officers operating in foreign countries. [ 1]
Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] [18] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
[12] In 2022, Amazon introduced AlexaTM 20B, a moderate-sized (20 billion parameter) seq2seq language model. It uses an encoder-decoder to accomplish few-shot learning. The encoder outputs a representation of the input that the decoder uses as input to perform a specific task, such as translating the input into another language.
Hyphenate all numbers under 100 that need more than one word. For example, $73 is written as “seventy-three,” and the words for $43.50 are “Forty-three and 50/100.”
Neural machine translation ( NMT) is an approach to machine translation that uses an artificial neural network to predict the likelihood of a sequence of words, typically modeling entire sentences in a single integrated model. It is the dominant approach today [ 1]: 293 [ 2]: 1 and can produce translations that rival human translations when ...
Whisper is a machine learning model for speech recognition and transcription, created by OpenAI and first released as open-source software in September 2022. [ 2] It is capable of transcribing speech in English and several other languages, [ 3] and is also capable of translating several non-English languages into English.
Planet Zero. Planet Zero is the seventh studio album by American rock band Shinedown, released on July 1, 2022. The release date was originally set for April 22, 2022, but was postponed due to a delay in CD and vinyl production. The album topped the all-genre Billboard Top Album Sales chart, a first for the band. [ 1]
T5X (2022): an improved JAX-based implementation of the T5 codebase. It is not a model. [12] UL2 20B (2022): an encoder-decoder model based on the T5 model, but trained with "mixture of denoisers" objective on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4). [13] Flan-UL2 20B (2022): UL2 20B but instruction-tuned on the FLAN dataset. [13] [10]