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The number of new cases of diabetes insipidus each year is 3 in 100,000. [4] Central DI usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and occurs in males and females equally. [2] Nephrogenic DI can begin at any age. [3] The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word meaning siphon. [6]
Hypoglycemia can also be caused by sulfonylureas in people with type 2 diabetes, although it is far less common because glucose counterregulation generally remains intact in people with type 2 diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia rarely, if ever, occurs in people with diabetes treated only with diet, exercise, or insulin sensitizers.
A complication of diabetes is retinopathy where the eye's blood vessels are dilated and damaged due to an increase in blood pressure. A recent study has specifically looked at susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. [10]
The progression of symptoms, starting with type 1 diabetes and subsequent vision loss within the first decade of life, is a critical diagnostic clue. [ 23 ] Imaging studies are essential for understanding the extent of brain and optic nerve damage in Wolfram syndrome.
Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) is an intermediate form of diabetes that has some characteristics of type 1 and some of type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells which create insulin.
The leading cause of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is the failure of insulin to suppress glucose production by glycolysis and gluconeogenesis due to insulin resistance. [24] Insulin normally inhibits glycogenolysis, but fails to do so in a condition of insulin resistance, resulting in increased glucose production. [ 25 ]
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