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The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Arabic alphabet. With 38 letters, the Urdu alphabet is typically written in the calligraphic Nasta'liq script. Sindhi adopted a variant of the Persian alphabet as well, in the 19th century. The script is used in Pakistan today, albeit unlike most other native ...
Today Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and China are the main non-Arabic speaking states using the Arabic alphabet to write one or more official national languages, including Azerbaijani, Baluchi, Brahui, Persian, Pashto, Central Kurdish, Urdu, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Punjabi and Uyghur.
The Urdu Nastaʿliq alphabet, with names in the Devanagari and Roman scripts. Urdu is written right-to left in an extension of the Persian alphabet, which is itself an extension of the Arabic alphabet. Urdu is associated with the Nastaʿlīq style of Persian calligraphy, whereas Arabic is generally written in the Naskh or Ruq'ah styles.
This system is the one used today. [15] The Arabic alphabet can be traced back to the Nabataean script used to write Nabataean Aramaic. The first known text in the Arabic alphabet is a late fourth-century inscription from Jabal Ram 50 km east of ‘Aqabah in Jordan, but the first dated one is a trilingual inscription at Zebed in Syria from 512.
Pashto employs the Pashto alphabet, a modified form of the Perso-Arabic alphabet or Arabic script. [106] In the 16th century, Bayazid Pir Roshan introduced 13 new letters to the Pashto alphabet. The alphabet was further modified over the years. The Pashto alphabet consists of 45 to 46 letters [107] and 4 diacritic marks. Latin Pashto is also used.
Hindi–Urdu transliteration. Hindi–Urdu (Devanagari: हिन्दी-उर्दू, Nastaliq: ہندی-اردو) (also known as Hindustani) [1] [2] is the lingua franca of modern-day Northern India and Pakistan (together classically known as Hindustan ). [3] Modern Standard Hindi is officially registered in India as a standard written ...
The most common Saraiki writing system today is the Perso-Arabic script, as standardized in Pakistan as an extension to the Shahmukhi alphabet. Saraiki has a 43-letter alphabet including, which includes four letters not used in the related Punjabi and Hindko languages. [3] Another difference the Saraiki alphabet has with Shahmukhi is the disuse ...