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The military of ancient Rome was one of largest pre-modern professional standing armies that ever existed. At its height, protecting over 7,000 kilometers of border and consisting of over 400,000 legionaries and auxiliaries, the army was the most important institution in the Roman world. According to the Roman historian Livy, the military was a ...
The Roman army(Latin: exercitus Romanus) was the armed forcesdeployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom(753 BC–509 BC) to the Roman Republic(509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire(27 BC–476 AD), and its medieval continuation, the Eastern Roman Empire.
The military history of ancient Rome is inseparable from its political system, based from an early date upon competition within the ruling elite. Two consuls were elected each year to head the government of the state, and in the early to mid-Republic were assigned a consular army and an area in which to campaign.
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome 's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history." [1] At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two ...
Legionary – The heavy infantry that was the basic military force of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. Magister militum - High ranked commander in the late Roman Empire. Equivalent of a general. Medicus – Physician or combat medic.
The core of the campaign history of the Roman military is an aggregate of different accounts of the Roman military 's land battles, from its initial defense against and subsequent conquest of the city's hilltop neighbors on the Italian peninsula, to the ultimate struggle of the Western Roman Empire for its existence against invading Huns ...
Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire, although this is a matter of debate. By the early 2nd century, the Roman Empire had reached the peak of its territorial expansion and rather than constantly expanding their borders as earlier in the Empire and Republic, the Romans solidified their position by fortifying their ...
The Imperial Roman Army was the military land force of the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 476 AD, [1] and the final incarnation in the long history of the Roman army. This period is sometimes split into the Principate (27 BC – 284 AD) and the Dominate (284–476) periods.