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CHEK1. Checkpoint kinase 1, commonly referred to as Chk1, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that, in humans, is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. [5] [6] Chk1 coordinates the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoint response. [7] Activation of Chk1 results in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA ...
Cell cycle checkpoint Steps of the cell cycle. The restriction point occurs between the G 1 and S phases of interphase. The G 2 -M checkpoint occurs between the G 2 and M phases. The spindle checkpoint occurs during the M phase. Key cyclins associated with each phase are shown.
The spindle checkpoint, also known as the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, the spindle assembly checkpoint ( SAC ), the metaphase checkpoint, or the mitotic checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint during metaphase of mitosis or meiosis that prevents the separation of the duplicated chromosomes ( anaphase) until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle. To achieve proper segregation ...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors Drugs or drug candidates that inhibit/block the inhibitory checkpoint molecules are sometimes known as checkpoint inhibitors; this idea is often referred to as immune checkpoint blockade, or simply checkpoint blockade.
The restriction point occurs between the G 1 and S phases of interphase. The restriction point ( R ), also known as the Start or G1/S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G 1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate ...
Meiotic recombination checkpoint. The meiotic recombination checkpoint monitors meiotic recombination during meiosis, and blocks the entry into metaphase I if recombination is not efficiently processed. Spo11 catalyzes a double strand break (DSB) in one of the two homologous chromosomes to induce meiotic recombination.
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged or incompletely replicated DNA is sufficiently repaired. Cells with a defective G 2 -M checkpoint will undergo apoptosis or death after cell division if they enter the M phase before repairing their DNA. [1] The defining biochemical feature ...
Immunologic checkpoint. An immune checkpoint regulator is a modulator of the immune system, that allows initiation of a productive immune response and prevents the onset of autoimmunity. Examples of such a molecule are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152), which is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells and programmed cell ...