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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Much of an earthquake's total energy as measured by M w is dissipated as friction (resulting in heating of the crust). [52] An earthquake's potential to cause strong ground shaking depends on the comparatively small fraction of energy radiated as seismic waves, and is better measured on the energy magnitude scale, M e. [53]
Total energy of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake [214] 10 23: 1.5×10 23 J Total energy of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake [215] 2.2×10 23 J: Total global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology [202] 3×10 23 J: The energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula [216]
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes may also be referred to as quakes, tremors, or temblors. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling . In its most general sense, an earthquake is any seismic event ...
Gutenberg–Richter law. Gutenberg–Richter law fitted to the aftershocks of the August 2016 Central Italy earthquake, during the Aug 22 - Sep 1 period. Notice that the linear fit fails at the upper and lower end, due to lack of registered events. Since the recording period is only 10 days, events of magnitude greater than 6 has not yet appeared.
As with the Richter scale, an increase of one step on the logarithmic scale of moment magnitude corresponds to a 10 1.5 ≈ 32 times increase in the amount of energy released, and an increase of two steps corresponds to a 10 3 = 1000 times increase in energy. Thus, an earthquake of M w of 7.0 contains 1000 times as much energy as one of 5.0 and ...
The MM scale measures intensity of shaking, at any particular location, on the surface. It was developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902. While shaking experienced at the surface is caused by the seismic energy released by an earthquake, earthquakes differ in how much of their energy is radiated as seismic waves. They ...
NEW YORK (Reuters) -A 4.8-magnitude earthquake struck near New York City on Friday morning, the U.S. Geological Survey said, shaking buildings up and down the East Coast and surprising residents ...