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Division by zero. The reciprocal function y = 1 x. As x approaches zero from the right, y tends to positive infinity. As x approaches zero from the left, y tends to negative infinity. In mathematics, division by zero, division where the divisor (denominator) is zero, is a unique and problematic special case.
An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one ...
In scientific notation, nonzero numbers are written in the form. m × 10 n. or m times ten raised to the power of n, where n is an integer, and the coefficient m is a nonzero real number (usually between 1 and 10 in absolute value, and nearly always written as a terminating decimal ). The integer n is called the exponent and the real number m ...
Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
Grandi's series. In mathematics, the infinite series 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + ⋯, also written. is sometimes called Grandi's series, after Italian mathematician, philosopher, and priest Guido Grandi, who gave a memorable treatment of the series in 1703. It is a divergent series, meaning that it does not have a sum. However, it can be manipulated to ...
The partial sums of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, etc.The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: = = (+). This equation was known ...
The unary numeral system is the simplest numeral system to represent natural numbers: to represent a number N, a symbol representing 1 is repeated N times. [2] In the unary system, the number 0 (zero) is represented by the empty string , that is, the absence of a symbol.
Zero-based numbering is a way of numbering in which the initial element of a sequence is assigned the index 0, rather than the index 1 as is typical in everyday non-mathematical or non-programming circumstances. Under zero-based numbering, the initial element is sometimes termed the zeroth element, [1] rather than the first element; zeroth is a ...