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Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
In 1993 the newly invented turbo codes demonstrated that codes with iterative decoding could far outperform other codes used at that time, but turbo codes were patented and required a fee for use. This raised renewed interest in LDPC codes, which were shown to have similar performance, but were much older and patent-free. [ 6 ]
Time-of-check to time-of-use. In software development, time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU, TOCTTOU or TOC/TOU) is a class of software bugs caused by a race condition involving the checking of the state of a part of a system (such as a security credential) and the use of the results of that check. TOCTOU race conditions are common in Unix ...
Dynamic frequency selection. Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) is a channel allocation scheme specified for wireless LANs, commonly known as Wi-Fi. It is designed to prevent electromagnetic interference by avoiding co-channel operation with systems that predated Wi-Fi, such as military radar, satellite communication, and weather radar, and also ...
The code generated by H is called the dual code of C. It can be verified that G is a matrix, while H is a () matrix. Linearity guarantees that the minimum Hamming distance d between a codeword c 0 and any of the other codewords c ≠ c 0 is independent of c 0. This follows from the property that the difference c − c 0 of two codewords in C is ...
Absolute radio-frequency channel number. In GSM cellular networks, an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) is a code that specifies a pair of physical radio carriers used for transmission and reception in a land mobile radio system, one for the uplink signal and one for the downlink signal. ARFCNs for GSM are defined in Specification ...
Convolutional codes are processed on a bit-by-bit basis. They are particularly suitable for implementation in hardware, and the Viterbi decoder allows optimal decoding. Block codes are processed on a block-by-block basis. Early examples of block codes are repetition codes, Hamming codes and multidimensional parity-check codes.
A binary symmetric channel (or BSCp) is a common communications channel model used in coding theory and information theory. In this model, a transmitter wishes to send a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver will receive a bit. The bit will be "flipped" with a "crossover probability " of p, and otherwise is received correctly.