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Military payment certificate. One-dollar bill Series 692 ( from the Vietnam War era 1970–73) Military payment certificates, or MPC, was a form of currency used to pay United States (US) military personnel in certain foreign countries in the mid and late twentieth century. They were used in one area or another from a few months after the end ...
A photographer kneels on a street littered with invasion money, Rangoon, 1945. Japanese invasion money, officially known as Southern Development Bank Notes (Japanese: 大東亜戦争軍票 Dai Tō-A Sensō gunpyō, "Greater East Asia War military scrip"), was currency issued by the Japanese Military Authority, as a replacement for local currency after the conquest of colonies and other states ...
A scrip (or chit in India) is any substitute for legal tender.It is often a form of credit.Scrips have been created and used for a variety of reasons, including exploitative payment of employees under truck systems; or for use in local commerce at times when regular currency was unavailable, for example in remote coal towns, military bases, ships on long voyages, or occupied countries in wartime.
t. e. Company scrip is scrip (a substitute for government-issued legal tender or currency) issued by a company to pay its employees. It can only be exchanged in company stores owned by the employers. [1][2][3] In the United Kingdom, such truck systems have long been formally outlawed under the Truck Acts. In the United States, payment in scrip ...
Historically, soldiers serving overseas had been paid in local currency rather than in their "home" currency. [1] Most cash drawn by soldiers would go directly into the local economy, and in a damaged economy the effects of a hard currency such as the dollar circulating freely alongside weaker local currencies could be very problematic, risking severe inflation.
By the end of the war, the air defence force was more than 1/4 female, with 300,000 women, both volunteers and conscripts serving as communicators, machine gunners, pilots and medical personnel. [15] Most female conscripts served behind the front lines in secondary positions and roles in an attempt to free up more men for front line duty.
Millennium Challenge 2002 (MC02) was a major war game exercise conducted by the United States Armed Forces under JFCOM in mid-2002, running from 24 July to 15 August. The exercise involved both live exercises and computer simulations, costing US$250 million (equivalent to about $423M in 2023), the most expensive war game in US military history. [1]
"Like all military operations, this comes with risks. But it is Ukraine's decision how to defend itself." Kyiv launched a major cross-border incursion into the Kursk region on Aug. 6, while Moscow ...