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Example of basic PECS communication board. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative and alternative communication system developed and produced by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. [1] PECS was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program by Andy Bondy, PhD, and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP. [2]
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of mental conditions affecting the development of the nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, published in 2013, these conditions generally appear in early childhood, usually before children start school, and can ...
Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed sub-type of autism spectrum disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands.
Savant syndrome (/ ˈ s æ v ə n t, s æ ˈ v ɑː n t / SAV-ənt, sə-VAHNT, US also / s ə ˈ v ɑː n t / sav-AHNT) is a phenomenon where someone demonstrates exceptional aptitude in one domain, such as art or mathematics, despite significant social or intellectual impairment.
Gender dysphoria (also known as gender integrity disorder or gender incongruence, there are different categorizations for children and non-children in the ICD-11) Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication; Catatonia; Culture-bound syndrome
Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders (COD) or dual pathology) [1] [2] is the condition of having a mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder.There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems.
Brody and Mills [1997] argue that this population of students "could be considered the most misunderstood of all exceptionalities". [12] In each situation, the twice-exceptional student's strengths help to compensate for deficits; the deficits, on the other hand, make the child's strengths less apparent [13] although as yet there is no empirical research to confirm this theory.
Echolalia also occurs in aphasia, schizophrenia, dementia, catatonia, epilepsy, [1] after cerebral infarction (stroke), [3] closed-head injury, [11] in blind children, children with language impairments, as well as certain developing neurotypical children. [6] Other disorders associated with echolalia are Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia ...