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The NEC Zone system was created to harmonize with IEC classification system, and therefore reduce the complexity of management. Canada has a similar system with CSA Group standard C22.1, the Canadian Electrical Code, which defines area classification and installation principles. Two possible classifications are described, in Section 18 (Zones ...
Thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a method of passive heat exchange, based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump. Thermosiphoning is used for circulation of liquids and volatile gases in heating and cooling applications such as heat pumps, water heaters, boilers and furnaces.
t. e. In thermodynamics, a temperature–entropy ( T–s) diagram is a thermodynamic diagram used to visualize changes to temperature ( T ) and specific entropy ( s) during a thermodynamic process or cycle as the graph of a curve. It is a useful and common tool, particularly because it helps to visualize the heat transfer during a process.
Electric heat tracing, heat tape or surface heating, is a system used to maintain or raise the temperature of pipes and vessels using heat tracing cables. Trace heating takes the form of an electrical heating element run in physical contact along the length of a pipe. The pipe is usually covered with thermal insulation to retain heat losses ...
Gas water heaters have an exhaust vent or one to two exhaust pipes on the top, and still require electric power for electronics, sensing and ignition. A three-phase, 21 kW, 400-volt tankless water heater in Europe, with new European color coding for three-phase power. There are also heaters that use several single-phase circuits instead.
Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature– entropy diagram ( T–s diagram) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.
These first Heisler–Gröber charts were based upon the first term of the exact Fourier series solution for an infinite plane wall: (,) = = [ + ], [1]where T i is the initial uniform temperature of the slab, T ∞ is the constant environmental temperature imposed at the boundary, x is the location in the plane wall, λ is the root of λ * tan λ = Bi, and α is thermal diffusivity.
A crankcase heater is an electrical component in a compressor in an air-conditioning system, heat pump system, or chiller system. The crankcase heater is normally on all the time, even when the unit is not running, though temperature sensors and set points may turn it off when not needed. A crankcase heater's sole purpose is to prevent ...