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Machine learningand data mining. Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the value of an action in a particular state. It does not require a model of the environment (hence "model-free"), and it can handle problems with stochastic transitions and rewards without requiring adaptations. [1]
Discounted cumulative gain ( DCG) is a measure of ranking quality in information retrieval. It is often normalized so that it is comparable across queries, giving Normalized DCG (nDCG or NDCG). NDCG is often used to measure effectiveness of search engine algorithms and related applications. Using a graded relevance scale of documents in a ...
Chudnovsky algorithm. The Chudnovsky algorithm is a fast method for calculating the digits of π, based on Ramanujan 's π formulae. Published by the Chudnovsky brothers in 1988, [ 1] it was used to calculate π to a billion decimal places. [ 2]
The Z-ordering can be used to efficiently build a quadtree (2D) or octree (3D) for a set of points. The basic idea is to sort the input set according to Z-order. Once sorted, the points can either be stored in a binary search tree and used directly, which is called a linear quadtree, or they can be used to build a pointer based quadtree. . The input points are usually scaled in each dimension ...
Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [1]
Forward rate. The forward rate is the future yield on a bond. It is calculated using the yield curve. For example, the yield on a three-month Treasury bill six months from now is a forward rate. [1]
e. State–action–reward–state–action ( SARSA) is an algorithm for learning a Markov decision process policy, used in the reinforcement learning area of machine learning. It was proposed by Rummery and Niranjan in a technical note [1] with the name "Modified Connectionist Q-Learning" (MCQ-L). The alternative name SARSA, proposed by Rich ...
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