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  2. Playfair cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playfair_cipher

    The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use. The technique encrypts pairs of letters ( bigrams or digrams ...

  3. Two-square cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-square_cipher

    The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. [1] It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the single-square Playfair cipher . The technique encrypts pairs of letters ...

  4. Substitution cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher

    t. e. In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by ...

  5. Polygraphic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraphic_substitution

    Polygraphic substitution is a cipher in which a uniform substitution is performed on blocks of letters. When the length of the block is specifically known, more precise terms are used: for instance, a cipher in which pairs of letters are substituted is bigraphic . As a concept, polygraphic substitution contrasts with monoalphabetic (or simple ...

  6. Confusion and diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion_and_diffusion

    Confusion in a symmetric cipher is obscuring the local correlation between the input ( plaintext ), and output ( ciphertext) by varying the application of the key to the data, while diffusion is hiding the plaintext statistics by spreading it over a larger area of ciphertext. [ 2] Although ciphers can be confusion-only ( substitution cipher ...

  7. Transposition cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_cipher

    In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters ( transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters or groups of characters) according to a regular system to produce a ...

  8. Félix Delastelle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Delastelle

    Félix Delastelle. Félix-Marie Delastelle (2 January 1840 – 2 April 1902) was a French cryptographer, best known for inventing the bifid cipher, [1] first presented in the Revue du Génie civil in 1895 under the name of "cryptographie nouvelle". This cipher combines fractionation with transposition, and was an early cipher to implement the ...

  9. Dana White tells Grant Cardone he's 'stupid' about lavish ...

    www.aol.com/finance/dana-white-tells-grant...

    A clash on cash between multi-millionaires. Dana White tells Grant Cardone he's 'stupid' about lavish spending — but once walked out of the Venetian with a 'trash bag' of $600K in cash.