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Contact process. The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. Platinum was originally used as the catalyst for this reaction; however, as it is susceptible to reacting with arsenic impurities in the sulfur feedstock, vanadium (V) oxide (V 2 O 5) is now preferred.
Kevlar-based protective gear is often considerably lighter and thinner than equivalent gear made of more traditional materials. [26] Kevlar is a very popular material for racing canoes. It is used for motorcycle safety clothing, especially in the areas featuring padding such as the shoulders and elbows.
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. If the attractive forces between the solvent and solute particles are greater than the attractive forces holding the solute particles together, the ...
Molecular structure of silicone hydrogel used in flexible, oxygen-permeable contact lenses. [62] The dominant material for contact lenses are acrylate-siloxane hydrogels. They have replaced hard contact lenses. One of their most attractive properties is oxygen permeability, which is required since the cornea lacks vasculature.
Particles and polymers. The sol–gel process is a wet-chemical technique used for the fabrication of both glassy and ceramic materials. In this process, the sol (or solution) evolves gradually towards the formation of a gel-like network containing both a liquid phase and a solid phase. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides and metal chlorides ...
In electrochemistry, a salt bridge or ion bridge is an essential laboratory device discovered over 100 years ago. [ 1] It contains an electrolyte solution, typically an inert solution, used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell (voltaic cell), a type of electrochemical cell. [ 1][ 2] In short, it functions as a ...
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably, emulsion should be used when both ...
Look up supersaturation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid, but it can also be applied to liquids ...