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Cheating in online games. A video game cheat menu. Typical extrasensory perception (ESP) hack showing the health, name and bounding box of an entity that is not otherwise visible. On online games, cheating subverts the rules or mechanics of the games to gain an unfair advantage over other players, generally with the use of third-party software ...
Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront managed by Valve. It was launched as a software client in September 2003 to provide game updates automatically for Valve's games and expanded to distributing third-party titles in late 2005. Steam offers various features, like game server matchmaking with Valve Anti-Cheat ...
Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
DeCSS. A fragment of the DeCSS code, which can be used by a computer to circumvent a DVD's copy protection. DeCSS is one of the first free computer programs capable of decrypting content on a commercially produced DVD video disc. Before the release of DeCSS, free and open source operating systems (such as BSD and Linux) could not play encrypted ...
Ciphertext stealing is a technique for encrypting plaintext using a block cipher, without padding the message to a multiple of the block size, so the ciphertext is the same size as the plaintext. It does this by altering processing of the last two blocks of the message. The processing of all but the last two blocks is unchanged, but a portion ...
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity. [ 1] A block cipher by itself is only suitable for the secure cryptographic transformation (encryption or decryption) of one fixed-length group of bits called a block. [ 2]
See the ISO 3166-3 standard for former country codes. British Virgin Islands – See Virgin Islands (British) . Burma – See Myanmar . Cape Verde – See Cabo Verde . Caribbean Netherlands – See Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba . China, The Republic of – See Taiwan (Province of China) . Democratic People's Republic of Korea – See Korea ...
A chosen-ciphertext attack ( CCA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst can gather information by obtaining the decryptions of chosen ciphertexts. From these pieces of information the adversary can attempt to recover the secret key used for decryption. For formal definitions of security against chosen-ciphertext attacks ...