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Médecins Sans Frontières. Médecins Sans Frontières ( MSF; pronounced [medsɛ̃ sɑ̃ fʁɔ̃tjɛʁ] ⓘ ), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a charity that provides humanitarian medical care. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic ...
The velocity corresponding to the circular orbit is sometimes called the first cosmic velocity, whereas in this context the escape velocity is referred to as the second cosmic velocity. [11] For a body in an elliptical orbit wishing to accelerate to an escape orbit the required speed will vary, and will be greatest at periapsis when the body is ...
Geiger–Müller tube. A complete Geiger counter, with the Geiger–Müller tube mounted in a cylindrical enclosure connected by a cable to the instrument. The Geiger–Müller tube or G–M tube is the sensing element of the Geiger counter instrument used for the detection of ionizing radiation. It is named after Hans Geiger, who invented the ...
Coincidence method. In particle physics, the coincidence method (or coincidence technique) is an experimental design through which particle detectors register two or more simultaneous measurements of a particular event through different interaction channels. Detection can be made by sensing the primary particle and/or through the detection of ...
The accuracy of galactic cosmic ray environmental models, transport codes and nuclear interaction cross sections allow NASA to predict space environments and organ exposure that may be encountered on long-duration space missions. The lack of knowledge of the biological effects of radiation exposure raise major questions about risk prediction.
Here's how you can save yourself as much as $820 annually in minutes (it's 100% free) Thanks to Jeff Bezos, you can now use $100 to cash in on prime real estate — without the headache of being a ...
The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity. That is, the average number of cosmic-ray soft errors decreases during the active portion of the sunspot cycle and increases during the quiet portion. This counter-intuitive result occurs for two reasons.
Health threats from cosmic rays are the dangers posed by cosmic rays to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere. [1] [2] They are one of the greatest barriers standing in the way of plans for interplanetary travel by crewed spacecraft, [3] [4] [5] but ...